Internet

The Internet is a global system  connecting millions of computer networks. More than 100 countries are linked through internet. According to Internet World Stats,  as of 2011 more than 2.2 billion people , nearly a third of Earth's Human population ,used the services of the Internet.
The Internet is a global system that use the standard Internet protocol suite (often called TCP/IP) to serve billions of users. It is a network of networks that consists of millions of private, public, business, government, academic, and even smaller domestic networks, that are linked.
 Anyone can use the Internet. As long as you have a computer, cell phone, or other internet-enabled device, you simply find a free or paid place to connect to the Internet. Once you are connected (sometimes called 'logged on'), you can broadcast and receive all kinds of signals.

Owner of the Internet?

No one actually owns the Internet, and no single person or organization controls the Internet in its entirety. The Internet is more of a concept than an actual tangible entity, and it relies on a physical infrastructure that connects networks to other networks.
 

Is Web and Internet the Same?

The Internet is not synonymous with Web. The Internet is a global  system of networks. It links millions of computers together globally, forming a network in which any computer can communicate with any other computer as long as they are both connected to the Internet. The World Wide Web (Web) , is a way of accessing information over the medium of the Internet.The  Web consists of the interlinked collection of the information and documents which are taken as the resource by the general public. These are then linked by the website URLs and the hyperlinks. Actually Therefore it  is one of the services offered by internet.

Data Flow / Transmission modes

Transmission modes defines the direction of data between the communication devices.

Simplex

In this mode communication is unidirectional.it is like a one way street..only one device can send data and the other device can only receive data

Example

• keyboards
• Monitors
• Remote controls

Half duplex

In this mode both devices can send and receive data but not at the same time

Examples

• Walkie-talkie
• CB radios

Full duplex

In this mode both station can send and receive at the same time.The full duplex mode is like a two way street traffic flowing in both direction at the same time.

Examples

• Telephone networks

NEW FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING (MGT101) ASIGNMENT

FALL 2012

DUE DATE: NOVEMBER 12, 2012

Accounting Solutions Ltd. (ASL) is a small firm located in Lahore and is working
in the field of accountancy, tax and audit. Mr. S.A. Butt (FCA) - a fellow of
Institute of Chartered Accountant of Pakistan is the owner of this firm. He set up
the firm in 2005 and owing to his untiring efforts and professionalism; the firm is
ranked amongst the top 10 firms in the industry. The revenues of the firm have
been doubled since its incorporation. For the Financial Year 2011, gross revenue
has been recorded at Rs. 229,500 including credit sales as well. The firm is
registered through SECP (Securities & Exchange Commission of Pakistan).

Following is trial balance of ASL for financial year 2010-2011.

FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING (MGT101) FALL 2012
ASSIGNMENT NO. 1
DUE DATE: NOVEMBER 12, 2012
MARKS: 20
Accounting Solutions Ltd. (ASL)
Trial Balance
For the year ended June 30, 2011
Rs. Rs.
Opening stock 6,000 Capital 135,000
Purchases 124,995 Bills payable 3,000
Carriage inward 4,020 Sundry creditors 76,890
Wages 10,350 Purchases return 3,000
Sales return 600 Loan 24,000
Carriage outward 1,185 Discount received 450
General expenses 960 Sales 229,500
Printing charges 660
Interest paid 570
Cash in hand 45,000
Cash at bank 54,000
Sundry debtors 84,000
Machinery 33,000
Furniture 9,000
Building 84,000
Drawings 9,000
Closing stock 4,500
471,840 471,840
Requirement: From the above given trial balance, you are required to prepare
Profit and Loss Account (‘T’ account form) and balance sheet (report form) for
the year ended 31st December, 2011. (10+08)
Note: 2 marks for formatting and presentation

SOLUTION

Solution will be uploaded soon.

CS201: Assignment No 1 Semester: Fall 2012

-->Introduction to Programming

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Problem Statement:     Assessment system

You are required to write a program for Assessment system of a University.  The basic idea is to calculate the GPA (Grade Point Average) of each subject and then calculate the GPA of whole semester and on the basis of that GPA calculate the grade and remarks.

Detailed Description:

You are required to take the student’s marks for three subjects(English, Calculus, and Computer) as input from the user. After that calculate the GPA of each subject and the whole semester. Assume that total marks of a subject are 100 and each subject is of 3 credit hours.

Complete Assessment system is given below:

Grade	GPA	Marks Obtained	Remarks
A	4.00	100 %	Excellent
B	3.00-3.99	75-99 %	Good
C	2.00-2.99	50-75 %	Satisfactory
D	1.6-1.99	40-49 %	Pass
F	0.00	Below 40 %	Fail

• GPA for a subject = (obtained marks / 100) * 4 where 100 is the total marks of a subject.

NOTE: If user enters less than 40 marks for a subject, the GPA of that subject should be 0.

   

• GPA of whole semester = multiply each grade point you receive by the number of credit hours for that course, add up the totals, and then divide by the total number of credit hours taken in that semester.

     

       For example suppose the GPA in subject A is 2.5, in subject B  2.6, and in subject C is 3. Assuming that each subject is of 3 credit hours then GPA of whole semester will be calculated as:

                                           

                                             =  3 * ( 2.5 + 2.6 + 3 ) / 9

                                             = 2.7

• On the basis of Semester GPA, you have to give grade and remarks to the student

• If a student has less than 40 marks in a subject, a message should display that “you have to repeat this subject “.

• After displaying the GPA, grade and remarks, the program should ask the user if he/she wants to perform this task again. The user will be given two options (yes / no). If user enters “Y or y”, the program will start calculating the GPA, grade and remarks again. If user selects “N or n”, the program will terminate.

Solution of  CS201: Assignment No 1 Semester: Fall 2012

  #include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
using namespace std;

main()
{

      float eng,calc,cmp,eng_gpa,cmp_gpa,calc_gpa,t_gpa;
      char grade,option;
      string remarks="";
      start:
      system("cls");
     
      cout<<"****************************** Assessment System ******************************\n\n\n\n";
     
      //Calculation of english gpa
      cout<<"Enter marks of English :  ";
      cin>>eng;
      if(eng<40){
               eng_gpa=0;
               cout<<"\nYou have to repeat this subject\n";
               }
      else   
              eng_gpa=(eng/100)*4;
      cout<<"\nGPA of english  =\t"<<eng_gpa;

      //Calculation of computer gpa
      cout<<"\n\n\nEnter marks of Computer :  ";
      cin>>cmp;
      if(cmp<40){
              cmp_gpa=0;
              cout<<"\nYou have to repeat this subject\n";
               }
      else 
            cmp_gpa=(cmp/100)*4;
      cout<<"\nGPA of Computer =\t"<<cmp_gpa;
     
      //Calculation of calculac gpa
      cout<<"\n\n\nEnter marks ofCalculac :  ";
      cin>>calc;
      if(calc<40){
                calc_gpa=0;
                cout<<"\nYou have to repeat this subject\n";
               }
      else
                calc_gpa=(calc/100)*4;
      cout<<"\nGPA of Calculac =\t"<<calc_gpa;     
     
     
      //whole smester gpa
       t_gpa=3*(eng_gpa+cmp_gpa+calc_gpa)/9;
       cout<<"\n\n\nGPA of whole smester = \t"<<t_gpa;
      
       //Grade and remarks calculation
       if(t_gpa==4)     
                           {
                           grade='A';
                           remarks="Excellent";
                           }
       else if(t_gpa>=3.00 and t_gpa<=3.99)
                      {
                      grade='B';
                      remarks="Good";
                      }
       else if(t_gpa>=2.00 and t_gpa<=2.99)
                      {
                      grade='C';
                      remarks="Satisfactory";
                      }
      else if(t_gpa>=1.6 and t_gpa<=1.99)
                      {
                      grade='D';
                      remarks="Pass";
                      }
      else
                      {
                      grade='F';
                      remarks="Fail";
                      }
      cout<<"\nGrade = "<<grade;
      cout<<"\nRemarks = "<<remarks;
     
     
      cout<<"\n\nDo you want to perform this task again (Y/N)";
      cin>>option;
      switch(option)
                    {
                    case 'Y':
                    case 'y':goto start;
                    case 'N':
                    case 'n': exit(0);
                    }
      system("pause");
      }

CS601 assignment no 1 Semester Fall 2012

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Q. 1. Different topologies behave differently when a connection fails. You are required to discuss the effect on the network when only one device connection fails in the following cases:  [2 x 6 = 12 Marks]

1.      Seven devices are connected through a ring topology.

2.      Six devices are connected through a dual ring topology.

3.      Four devices are connected through a mesh topology.

4.      Twelve devices are connected through a star topology (Note: Do not consider the hub failure).

5.      Fifteen devices are connected through a star topology and only the hub is failed.

6.      Eight devices are connected through a bus topology.

Note: Your answer for Q.1 should be in the same order as given in the question statements.

Q. 2. Suppose a small company wants to develop a computer network of 18 computers in its main office. Due to limited resources the company wants a network architecture where a single communication medium can be shared among all other nodes. Considering this scenario, you are required to suggest the suitable line configuration and name all the possible ways through which your suggested line configuration can be implemented. [3 Marks]

Solution

 

 Q.1
1.      Seven devices are connected through a ring topology.
 Ans: It will effect the network

2.      Six devices are connected through a dual ring topology.
Ans:It does not effect the network traffic

3.      Four devices are connected through a mesh topology.
Ans: It does not effect the network traffic

4.      Twelve devices are connected through a star topology (Note: Do not consider the hub failure).
Ans:It does not effect the network traffic

5.      Fifteen devices are connected through a star topology and only the hub is failed.
Ans:  Network will disable

6.      Eight devices are connected through a bus topology.
Ans:  Network will disable

Q.2  Solution:

Multiple line configuration is best in this scenario